by Jesse James » Tue Mar 24, 2015 4:05 pm
Jim, in regards to your original question ("[...] at what point do faith and knowledge merge, and at what points do they differentiate"), it seems like a hardcore skeptic can always ply his trade, regardless of any epistemic model. Just like the ardent atheist, a committed questioner can always find reasons to disbelieve. A perennial skeptic (or a second year philosophy major) could play the same obnoxious game that militant atheists play with Christians: constantly finding some hole that, by the nature of reality, can’t be filled.
For a definitive example, the Cartesian mind experiment that discarded everything that was uncertain ended up with a possibility that there is only one person and that one person comprises a brain in a vat; all else is illusion. There is also the “free thinker” who will ask, between puffs, “Hey man, what if our world is, like, just a cell on a giant? And what if there is, like, a whole world in each of our cells? I just blew my own mind, man!” Thought experiments are useful and fun, but ultimately, everyone eventually has to accept that things are, in some sense, as they appear to be.
I agree with Charlie that the natural order, created by God, illustrates His Being; but I would also say that people can only apprehend His existence and accept it when God removes the film from their eyes, changes their heart of stone to a heart of flesh, and makes them His sheep. It's His Amazing Grace that "I once was blind but now I see;" not through any work of my own, but all through His grace. Our sin nature (our ontology), which destroys the original relationship humanity had with God, suppresses our perception of spiritual and metaphysical reality and thereby restricts or limits our epistemology. On our own, we can’t have a perfectly justified epistemology.
Charlie might agree that suppression of our ability to perceive the true nature of existence results in the necessity of faith—for both Christians and otherwise. As Christians, “we know that we know” but there is always the interplay between belief and doubt. “Faith is the substance of things hoped for, the evidence of things not seen.” I think it is important to admit that we (even as Christians; or maybe especially as Christians) rely on faith and that there is always belief that is “unproven” to some degree. Non-Christian materialists have to take, by faith, that their perceptions are reliable and that science can measure and predict actual “things.”
I also agree with Jim that even the atheist weatherman can know it is raining. Heck, even a liberal arts biology professor can “know” that gravity works when he knocks over his bust of Darwin while reaching for his bowl of free-trade kimchi. So there is always some uncertainty; every branch of philosophy has to deal with its own epistemic failings. I remember when I was taking a philosophy of science class discussing whether a microscope actually depicts what is on the stage and how we can rely on the rules of optics and on and on. There is, potentially, no end to doubt.
Ultimately, unless you are going to take the position that perception isn’t reliable and that even sense of self is illusion, you have to establish some thing as true. For materialists, truth is the physical reality and no more. For some adherents of eastern religions, truth is the brahma and physical reality is illusion. For Christians, physical reality is real, but there is an underlying spiritual foundation, the Word.
But each of these groups takes something on faith because you can always doubt some aspect of the underlying foundation.
Knowledge, in my understanding, is always built on faith. Faith, though, is a reasoned approach to accepting as true some state of affairs based on the apparent evidence for that state of affairs. Some leaps of faith are longer than others—they cross a longer chasm of doubt.
Most everyone has taken the relatively small leap of faith that people exist and that there are other minds. Most everyone agrees with this because we encounter other people who are apparently sentient every day. People who reject this reality are considered to be crazy because we, as humans who have a mental capacity (which we as Christians know is granted by God), have determined pretty much as a group that it is reasonable to accept that other people exist.
Other things take a bit of a greater leap of faith: did humans actually land on the moon? There is some doubt. Is ISIS a false flag manufactured by the CIA and Mossad in order to gin up tension and have a proxy war in the Middle East and distract people so that the illuminati can do some other activity—a sort of sleight of hand? Maybe that takes a bit more faith to believe—a larger chasm of doubt because there needs to be more evidence to support such a position.
Christianity is particular because once you take the leap (after God sort of either takes your hand and leads you to leap, or He pushes you off the ledge), the chasm seems much smaller.
At what points to faith and knowledge merge? Every point along the way. Where do they depart? When people believe unjustified things. A bit of a ramble, I know.