by jimwalton » Wed Nov 21, 2012 11:07 pm
Sean,
Thanks for the insightful reasoning and questioning. This is the beauty of dialogue.
Regarding the foundations of epistemology, I don't quite concur that all things are learned through the 5 senses and that observation is the only mechanism of enlightenment. To me that's simplistically naturalistic and precludes the possibility of an open (rather than a closed universe) system. My argument to support that thesis would be in the area of mathematics, where through abstract reasoning and sundry formulae, learning is able to take place and the structure of realities may be discovered ("learned"). Einstein's famous theory of relativity might provide a case in point: The math came first; the scientific observations through the 5 senses confirmed it.
I obviously agree that John 4.24 teaches that noncorporeality of God, and that the only way he can be known is through self-revelation. But the Bible teaches both general revelation (God revealing himself to us through our 5 senses), and special revelation (God making use of all available means (physical, mental, and spiritual). While there is an inherent subjectivity to all epistemologies, my reason and my five senses convince me of the reality of several worlds: the physical world around me that I can see and touch; the mental world of my thoughts which, though informed by my senses, operates independently of them; the emotional world of my visceral perceptions (sometimes in conflict with my mental world); and my spiritual world of a force and life outside the naturalistic system. Even if you disagree with the last one, the other three are at least items of discussion.
To your question, then: On what basis can we say that God exists? I find evidence in the following:
1. The created order. True science is limited to the scientific method, observation, and confirmation. Speculations backwards based on theories and agendas are, frankly, outside of the scope of true science, though that is not really what is being discussed here. To me the universe exhibits an order,complexity, and balance beyond the parameters possible in a system governed by pure chance. I see evidence of other forces at work that are necessary to make it even possible to generate what we see.
2. Purpose. While science and my five senses can tell me what is there and how it works, it cannot explain the area of purpose that my observations tell me is universal to humanity. We all have a sense of purpose, a desire for purpose, and a quest for meaning that to me is evidence of a foundation in the universe consistent with the existence of a divine being, and inconsistent with the limitations of a closed system of random coincidences regulated by natural processes.
3. Consistency. My study of Scripture finds in the Bible a credible explanation of humanity that anyone is able to observe with their five senses, reliably discussing hundreds of subjects pertinent to humanity (good, evil, purpose, history, depravity, joy, blessing, health, disease, et al.) with depth, breadth, and understanding. I find in the quality of the thoughts in the writing an intellect beyond the capacity of humanity, given that the writing took place over a 1300-year span by over 40 authors from numerous locations. I see there evidence that to me in convincing of a common source, despite the varieties of personalities and writing styles incorporated therein.
4. Lifechange. I have seen lives changed in ways far different from those excited about political processes, motivated by exciting business opportunities, transformed by relationships, or enlightened by ideas. The changes I have seen in individuals give evidence that they have been acted upon by a spiritual power of a life-giving nature, and those changes encompass a complete metamorphosis of attitudes, thoughts, desires, and actions.
This isn't a complete list, but enough to make my point.
What I find interesting is that the Bible claims that God confronted your exact objections and decided to appear on earth in the flesh so that people could perceive him with their eyes, touch him with their hands, and hear him with their ears. Even that wasn't good enough for them, according to the teaching of the Bible. Interesting that even convincing evidence given to the five senses wasn't adequate for someone who only sees what they want to see regardless of what is available to their senses.
Possibly you're unconvinced. I don't know. Sean, you know that some philosophers even wonder, and are able to effectively reason and "prove" that even we don't exist. Hence, Descartes' famous conclusion: "I think, therefore I am." At some point we add reason to observation to come to some conclusion that makes it reasonable to make an assumption of truth. Did Alexander the Great exist? We have no eyewitnesses who are still alive, and he cannot be proven by our 5 senses. But we place credibility in the historical documents that point to his existence, and we observe the changes that have come to the world through Hellenistic influences, and so we believe it even though we can't see it. In a sense, you can't KNOW God exists anymore than you can KNOW the American Civil War happened. You choose to believe the evidences that give credence and credibility to the historicity of the conflict, and you accept it as truth. I don't see that as any different than my believe in God that I consider to be based on reasonable recognitions of credibility, veracity, documentation, and observation. At its core, then, when you come right down to it, all (or almost all) of knowledge is really faith, since I'm choosing to believe which sources I will consider reliable (and even my 5 senses have deceived me on occasion), and I'm choosing to believe which ones I will deem as credible, and therefore everything I "know" is really that I'm choosing to trust those sources of information, be they my teachers, my text books, various historical documents, or whatever.
And to add another angle, if you rely only on your five senses to learn anything and everything, then you know nothing of satisfaction, delight, contentment, justice, or love. Those, after all, cannot be touched or smelled, seen, heard or tasted. I think you have limited yourself to a limited, robotic view of life: The Mr. Spock of "Star Trek," to use a ridiculous example.
Does God reveal himself in the present? Absolutely he does, in the ways I enumerated above.