by jimwalton » Sun Sep 13, 2020 3:12 pm
> How do protestants know what belongs in Scriptures?
I go by the earliest records. The OT canon was recognized by the Jewish people as the 39 books we have in our Bible. Though the Septuagint translated what we called the Apocrypha, those books were never recognized as Scripture until later.
As far as the NT, the Apostolic Fathers quote the 4 Gospels and the Pauline epistles.
From AD 140-220, quotations from the Church Fathers now include Acts, 13 Pauline Epistles, 1 Peter, 1 John, Jude, and Revelation. Books that were still being discussed were Hebrews, James, 2 Peter, 2 & 3 John, The Didache, the Wisdom of Solomon, and the Apocalypse of Peter.
The Muratorian Fragment (AD 180) includes 4 Gospels (2 of those ?), Acts, 13 epistles of Paul, 1 Jn., Jude, Revelation, Apocalypse of Peter, Wisdom of Solomon.
Though Origen included the Apocrypha, Eusebius includes only 4 Gospels, Acts, 13 epistles, 1 Peter, 1 Jn, and Rev.
Vaticanus and Sinaiticus included parts of the Apocrypha, but Athanasius (367) had only the 27 books as we have them today. Africanus and Melito of Sardis also opposed the inclusion of the Apocryphal books.
Jerome's Vulgate included only the 66 books as we have them today.
> Do protestants at least accept the authority of the Council of Rome?
No.
> If not, of what authority gave you the offical canonical books?
Primarily the Apostolic Fathers and the Church Fathers. The books primarily in question are the Apocryphal books, which have been a matter of debate from 2.2 millennia ago. I go with the ones that were universally recognized by the Church, not by the ones that are still being debated (apparent even in this question of yours).