by jimwalton » Sun Jul 02, 2017 4:19 pm
> The act of sex is an instinctual desire to procreate.
True, but it's so much more than that. Humans, as far as we know, as the only animals to have sex to bond, as a sign of affection, or in a spiritual sense (as the cult prostitutes in ancient times). So sex for us is different than for animals, as far as we know. There's far more than procreation involved, for us.
> This is a natural survival instinct that Religion condemns us for.
Religion (viz. Christianity) doesn't condemn people for sex. The Bible says God created sex and fully expects people to engage in it (Gn. 1.28).
> "Sexual desires are truly controllable." When did I say they weren't?
You implied it when you said, "How can we be punished justly for desires that we don't control?"
> "we would see sexual havoc everywhere, every day." What does this mean?
This means that if our sexual urges were truly uncontrollable, we would observe far more sexual activity in public places than we do. But since there is so much restraint, we can consider sexual urges as controllable.
> It's like we are looking at hearsay testimony about a WW II soldier coming back from the dead, but the testimony was written by people in 2005.
If this is supposed to be an analogy to the writing of the Gospels, you've missed the mark.
> It's a very strong argument that the Gospel authors never met Jesus.
It's actually quite the opposite, but that's a much longer discussion than there is room for here. We'd have to take each of the four Gospels individually to have space for the conversation. The evidence is rather strong for all four of them.
> Mark
Yeah, I've had this conversation many times myself. I don't know if you want to get into it here (we probably shouldn't), but here are a few introductory points. Mark's family lived in Jerusalem and his parents were active in the church. It's entirely possible, though there is no direct reference, that Mark may have known Jesus, and possibly even followed him around to some extent (though that's speculative).
1\. It doesn't make a shred of sense that anyone would attach Mark's name as a pseudonym. He was known as a deserter of Paul and Barnabas. He was not viewed as a significant character in 1st-c. Christianity. His name on it lends to its authenticity. There is no reason the oldest traditions would uniformly associate Mark with Mark without some good historical reason.
2\. The oldest traditions (with no external evidence to the contrary) uniformly and unanimously associate Mark with the Gospel. The additions to the manuscripts ("According to Mark") are on different locations in different manuscripts, suggesting they were added from numerous sources, and yet all are in agreement as to the source of the information and the identity of the author. Had the Gospels truly been anonymous, each community that received a copy would probably have attached a different title.
3\. The number of Aramaic words and phrases lend credence that the author was from Jerusalem, and his numerous biblical quotations and allusions suggest he is Jewish. And the quality of Greek is not terribly high, consistent with a Palestinian Jew.
4\. The Gospel has similarities to things emphasized in the writings of Paul, commensurate with someone who had traveled with Paul.
5\. Dave Garland says, "The writing of the Gospel would not have been entrusted to a Mr. Nobody, but to a recognized teacher in the church who could appeal to an even greater authority. To think that just anyone could write a Gospel that early Christians would accept as authoritative stretches credibility. Matthew and Luke testify to Mark's authority since they allowed themselves to be guided by him when they wrote their own Gospels. Matthew confers even greater prominence to Peter in his Gospel, which reveals the authority he invests in Peter. It is not unreasonable to assume that Mark's Gospel, therefore, reflects the teaching of the apostle Peter, just as Papias reported."
Date of writing?
1\. My first evidence comes from Acts, actually. Acts doesn't mention the fall of Jerusalem, Nero's persecutions (mid-60s), the martyrdoms of James (AD 61), Paul (possibly 64), or Peter (probably 65), or the Jewish war against Rome from 66 on.
2\. My second evidence is also from Acts. Many of the expressions in Acts are signs of an early writing during the primitive years of Christianity.
3\. Acts deals with issues that were especially important before Jerusalem's fall (Gentile inclusion, Judaizer persecution, etc.) Mark deals with subject matter even more elemental: Jesus at war with Satan. Some of Mark's material seems to be about the controversy over the status of Gentiles (common in Paul's writings), which was a completely dead issue after the destruction of the temple and Jerusalem in AD 70.
4\. And since Acts is the second part of Luke's record, mostly likely Luke's Gospel was written before the early 60s. And since Luke got some of his material from Mark, that puts Mark in the 50s.
5\. Mark preserved Aramaic expressions where Matthew and Luke don't.
6\. Clement of Alexandria says Mark was written while Peter was still alive. Papias said Mark wrote what Peter taught him, Justin Martyr and Eusebius suggest Peter was in Rome from AD 54-65. (Irenaeus says Mark wrote after Peter's death.)
There has been an intriguing discovery, but yet to be completely verified. It at least gives us pause. I'll just quote it here, because it's more efficient to cut and paste: "Papyrologist José O’Callaghan has identified 7Q5 as a fragment of Mk. 6.52-53; 7Q6, 1 as 4.28; 7Q7 as 12.17, and 7Q15 as possibly 6.48, and says that they date to AD 50. The claim is based on a study of infrared and normal photographs of fragments of papyrus from Cave 7 at Qumran." It has yet to be substantiated by peer review.
> "Lot." And yet God spared him while destroying the others in the city for immoral behavior. I don't get why he was spared then.
He was spared because he was a relative of Abraham's, that's all. When Abraham was asked to leave his country and go to Canaan, he took his Sarah and Lot with him (Gn. 12.4). Implied in that is that God would take care of them all. And so despite Lot's failures, sins, and compromises, God stays true to his word and spares him. That's all. Lot didn't deserve any of it.
> Ex. 22.16-17: "Then why did the Father pay the husband instead of the reverse?"
Hmm. You're backwards. The "husband" has to pay the father. The groom’s household paid the bride price as part of the marriage agreement.
> Modern DNA tests now render this concern meaningless, and in doing so, undermines the reasons for forbidding premarital sex. So why, in TODAY's society should it still be banned?
The NT tightened the rules of the OT. Polygamy was out, and the teachings on sex outside of marriage become more clear. I've already covered this ground in speaking of purity, righteousness, morality, separation and holiness, so there's no reason for me to retrace those steps.
> You made a great speech on your support of women, but the Bible clearly does not view them as equals in value.
This is a tough thing for you to claim. Gn. 1-2 clearly view them as equals in value. Once sin enters the world there are power struggles, controlling social structures, and hierarchical abuses, but the Bible by and large does not enter into those. The rules it gives for women in the Law treat them as full human beings entitled to dignity. Though the societies are patriarchal, misogyny was not part of the biblical picture. Carol Meyers writes, "While there were certain activities in the household that the women exclusively did, such as the grinding of grain into flour, anthropologists note that most household activities were not performed exclusively by one gender. ...
"Anthropological studies can also elucidate women’s relationships with other members of their families, especially their husbands. Were women really as subordinate in Biblical times as many people think? Anthropological studies from societies similar to ancient Israel provide useful analogies. Interactions between household members are an example. Because women often have critical roles in maintaining household life, the senior woman in an extended family is often in a position of parity and interdependence, not subordination, with her husband for most aspects of household life. This is an especially significant observation for ancient Israel because the household was the major unity of society for most Israelites. ...
"The negative images of Eve that persist until today can be traced to ancient sources beginning in the Greco-Roman world. Those images were influenced by ideas about women that were current in Greco-Roman times but not in Iron Age Israel. ...
"Social scientists alert us to what they call 'presentism,' the phenomenon in which perspectives and ideas that we take for granted in today's world affect how we understand the past. We tend to read the present into the past anachronistically, which can lead us to misunderstanding the past. It is surely true that human beings have much in common throughout time, but there are also sometimes basic differences, and these must be taken into account. For example, today cooking and cleaning and caring for young children are often seen as unpaid housework. These chores may be undervalued, even trivialized. But in a pre-modern peasant society without supermarkets and day-care centers, these tasks have significant economic value. They are essential for household survival, and they earn women positive regard.
"Similarly, 'presentism' can affect how we view the division between work and family, between what is public and what is private. How these divisions are understood may be very different between a post-industrial capitalist society, on the one hand, and a pre-modern agrarian society on the other. In the latter, the household is the workplace for both women and men, and household activities for both women and men were connected to larger community and kinship structures.
"Consider the concept of patriarchy. Typically this concept has been taken to imply near total male domination in families and in other social institutions. But anthropologists, classicists, feminist theorists, theologians and others who have more recently studied the concept have shown that this understanding of patriarchy does not take into account that women often had considerable agency in certain aspects of household life and that women’s groups and institutions had their own hierarchies. ...
"To get a balanced view of Israelite society in the Iron Age, the broader picture must be considered. Patriarchy is a term that was invented millennia after the Iron Age and is probably unsuitable for characterizing ancient Israel."
Maybe that will help. It's just not true that the biblical perspective is that "they're ]only] good for breeding."