by jimwalton » Mon Mar 13, 2017 1:12 pm
Let's talk.
> The Flood
First of all, there are plenty of good reasons to say that the Flood wasn't global, but massively regional. Second, it was an act of judgment on a people that were hopelessly corrupt and beyond correction. If left alone, they would have destroyed all life and all semblances of good. Third, theologically speaking, everyone is born in sin, and there is no such thing as an innocent person. Fourth, in a totally corrupt world, even the pregnant women and the children would be spiritually damaged. Fifth, there's always collateral damage in such action, but since any righteous people (including babies) would have been ushered straight to heaven, this act of God was of benefit for them.
> The 10th plague in Egypt
First, the plagues in Egypt were judgments on the Egyptian religious system that was full of lies and depravity. Each plague was a statement showing their religion to be ruining everyone who believed in it and followed it. Second, all of the Egyptians were complicit in the crime against the Israelites. As a nation they oppressed the Israelites in slavery and as a nation they killed Israelite babies as they were born. Third, therefore the action by God was a just judgment for their crimes, and appropriate for their brutality. Fourth, babies who die go to heaven, so any innocents caught up as collateral damage would experience benefit, not punishment.
> The Amalekites
1. Some background: The Amalekites were Israel's first enemies from day 1 after crossing the Red Sea (Ex. 17). They were a fierce people who were relentless in their aim to destroy Israel and had attacked them many times.
2. The first thing you need to know about is the rhetorical warfare bravado language of the ancient Near East. There are many historical examples (outside of the Bible, dug up by archaeologists) of language of "kill 'em all, men women and children, kill the animals, leave nothing breathing." Scholars have found that it was their rhetoric, not their command or behavior. The meaning behind it was, "Let's win a great victory," not "Let's slaughter all the innocents!" This has been soundly established. It was conventional warfare bombast, and was never (except in a few exceptional cruel cases) taken literally. It was certainly not taken literally by the Israelites.
3. In Deut. 7, God tells the Israelites to "utterly destroy" the Canaanites. Then in the very next verse he says that after that they shouldn't make any treaties with them or intermarry with them. Wait a minute—aren't they all dead? No, it just means win a significant victory, not "kill 'em all." We find out that the ultimate issue is religious (Dt. 7.5): what God wanted "utterly destroyed" was their altars, images, and sacred pillars. He wanted to wipe out the false religion, not the people group. See also Ex. 34.12-13; Dt. 12.2-3. The concern of "kill 'em all" was to purge the land of idolatry, not to commit genocide.
4. Now to 1 Sam. 15. Here also we find that the Amalekites remain as a people group (1 Sam. 27.8; 30.17-18). They weren't wiped out either. That was never the point. Samuel is using the same rhetorical warfare bravado that was their cultural frame. The Amalekites were even still around 250 years later during the time of Hezekiah (1 Chr. 4.43). Even Haman in the story of Esther (Esth. 3.1) was an Amalekite descendant. So we know that the Amalekite hostility continued for almost 1000 years afterward. God had told them never to let up on their opposition to the Amalekites (Dt. 25.15-17) because of their false religion and the fierce ways. Unlike other Canaanites and Canaanite groups, the Amalekites couldn't (wouldn't) just be assimilated into Israel life.
5. Another fact that's helpful to know is that the cities of the ancient Near East were mostly military strongholds and governmental centers. The general population mostly didn't live in the cities, but only traded there on occasion or went there for governmental business. Small businesses were also in the cities to service the political and military populations there, but they were largely inhabited by professional personnel. (This is confirmed by the Amarna letters.) When the command was given to attack a city, what was being attacked were not the innocents, but the perpetrators: the governing officials and their armies. Still, the call to "kill 'em all" was language of victory, not of genocide.
6. Saul's target would have been the Amalekite strongholds, not the population centers. The sweeping words "all," "young and old" and "men and women" were stock expressions for totality, not brutality. They would use those words even if women and children weren't present.
7. You'll even notice in 1 Sam. 15.5 that specific action was taken so that innocents didn't get caught up in the violence and killed along with the guilty.
8. You may be wondering why Saul was censured for not killing all the animals too. Doesn't that imply pretty clearly that he had indeed killed women and children, and was castigated for sparing the poor animals? Verse 24 says Saul "violated the Lord's command and your [Samuel's] instructions." Saul's offenses were those of improper conduct in a holy war. He had failed in his role as king, being the administrator of the nation for YHWH. His job was to make sure that the Lord was properly represented: (1) make sure the people keep the covenant of the Law, (2) seek the Lord in battle, and give God credit for victory. Instead we see Saul keeping the best stuff for himself (9) and setting up a monument in his own honor (12), setting himself up as, essentially, the God of Israel (17). This is the problem. He was making himself God and taking matters into his own hands, calling honor to himself. That's the sin here.
In addition:
1. The Amalekites were a nomadic group spread over a large geographic area. They were not concentrated in cities, and most of them didn't live in cities (more than 90% of the ancients did not live in cities. The number may have been higher for nomadic groups). "Totally destroying" the Amalekites was not logistically or militarily possible. The idea here was to punish concentrated populations of military power and regional leadership, not to destroy an entire people group. To make an analogy, they were like the "al Qaeda" of their day. You can't just attack and wipe them out.
2. Verse 5: The city of Amalek was the target of the herem: their governmental and military center, and the persons who have been set up as leaders of the people group. It's like the U.S. military taking out the al Qaeda leaders. You don't set an ambush in a ravine for a nomadic people scattered over an entire region.
3. Verses 7-9: Saul conquered the city and chased the governmental leaders and the soldiers through the desert to kill them. He took the king captive, most likely let the animals go, and kept the best animals for himself and his men. The idea was not that everything be slaughtered, but that none of it be taken by the soldiers as plunder.
4. Verse 12: If Saul was going to "utterly destroy" all of the Amalekites, spread out from the Brook of Egypt to Havilah, a nomadic group all over the Negev and the area of Edom, he could not possibly have accomplished this all in one night. All he did was conquer a small city.
5. Verse 13: Saul felt that he had done what was expected: the herem. He did conquer the city, kill the perpetrators, take the king captive, and scatter everything else. This shows us what he felt the expectations to be. The problems at hand were his self-glorification in it, and having the kept the best of the plunder for gain.